The TDS® is a liquid or semi-solid vehicle applied directly to the skin. Drug doses
are typically compounded into one milliliter of TDS® formulation and applied to the skin
using a metered spray pump. The TDS® technology has been successful in delivering a
variety of different molecules through the skin including:

• small or large molecules up to small peptides between 150-975 Daltons
• lipophilic or hydrophilic
• acidic or basic
• cyclic or straight chain

Evidence from animal studies and human studies have established that TDS® is non-toxic
and non-irritating to the skin even after repeated applications. Other data suggests
that TDS® can be formulated to meet specific therapeutic needs (i.e., rapid versus
slow release). All components of TDS® are acceptable to USP and FDA and are
designated Generally Regarded As Safe (GRAS). Certain components of TDS® are
nutritive and are designed to repair the transient disruptions caused by migration.

Evidence suggests that TDS® enables skin penetration by altering the fluidity of
lipids in the stratum corneum, while chemically protecting the agent whose skin
permeability is enhanced.