The TDS® technology has been applied to several investigational analgesic and anesthetic molecules successfully including:

• Morphine Sulphate – pre-clinical data
• Lidocaine/Tetracaine combination – human clinical data
• Ibuprofen – pre-clinical data
• Acetaminophen

How does it work?
TTI has demonstrated in both pre-clinical and clinical testing that TDS® enables the
absorption of Morphine Sulphate, Lidocaine/Tetracaine and Ibuprofen through animal
and human skin rapidly, safely and effectively. In one study of more than 400 exposures
to TDS®, there were no observed or reported irritations or sensitizing reactions. In the
Morphine Sulphate trial, both the drug and its active metabolite were detected in the
blood. In the Ibuprofen trials, the drug was detected at therapeutic levels and had a
therapeutic effect. In the Lidocaine trial, anesthesia was accomplished in five minutes.

How is it different?
The irony of pain management drugs is that they almost universally cause pain in
their administration. TDS® enables painless administration and avoids stomach
irritation. Many narcotic analgesics carry dose-dependent side effects when delivered
systemically. Transdermal administration can often accomplish the drug’s effect with
a dose beneath the level likely to cause side effects. Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory
Drugs (NSAIDS) all carry a risk of significant gastric irritation and liver toxicity,
particularly when mixed with other drugs or dietary elements like alcohol. TDS®
enables the bypass of both stomach and liver and accomplishes its effect at about a
third of the required oral dose.